Understanding Organic Chemistry – QLD Chemistry Unit 4

Summary:

The Understanding Organic Chemistry QLD Chemistry Unit 4 notes cover various topics related to organic chemistry. Chapter 8 focuses on hydrocarbons, particularly on the rules for naming alkanes, the different types of isomers and functional groups, and their physical properties. Chapter 9 delves into the chemical properties of hydrocarbons and their reactions with functional groups. Chapter 10 introduces organic materials and their synthesis, while Chapter 11 discusses analytical techniques used to identify organic compounds, such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Chapter 12 covers chemical synthesis and its applications in organic chemistry. Chapter 13 explores macromolecules, their structures, and their properties, and Chapter 14 introduces molecular manufacturing, a field that seeks to build structures and devices on the nanoscale. These notes provide a comprehensive overview of organic chemistry, which is a fundamental field of study for understanding the properties and reactions of many compounds in the natural and synthetic world.

Excerpt:

Understanding Organic Chemistry

Chapter 8-Hydrocarbons

RULES FOR NAMING ALKANES

Understanding Organic Chemistry

Understanding Organic Chemistry

8.1:

• Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds
• Carbon’s electronic configuration allows for a wide variety of compounds to be formed
• Molecules with only single carbon bonds are called saturated, while any double or triple are unsaturated
• Most compounds have a base hydrocarbon skeleton but have some or more hydrogen atoms replaced by one or more other components, which are called functional groups. These groups give the compounds their chemical structure

8.2

Alkanes
• Organic compounds can be classed into several groups called homologous series, which are class of molecules each separated by one CH2 from the previous
• Alkanes have general formula CnH2n+2
• Stem name refers to a number of carbon atoms, i.e. meth, eth, prop
• Molecules with the same formula can have different structures after 4 and are called structural isomers
• Molecules that form rings are known as cyclic molecules

Alkenes
• At least 1 carbon-carbon double bond
• Makes them more reactive than alkanes
• CnH2n