Terminologies in Animal Breeding and Agriculture – Class 12 Biology

Summary:

The text provides information on various terminologies related to animal breeding, animal husbandry, and strategies for enhancing food production. It covers important concepts such as inbreeding, outbreeding, interspecific hybridization, control breeding, tissue culture, biofortification, single-cell proteins (SCP), and green revolution. The text also mentions steps in plant breeding and uses of somaclonal variation.

Excerpt:

Terminologies in Animal Breeding and Agriculture

Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement in Food Production

Important Terminologies
ANIMAL BREEDING
Mating or crossing of animals to improve the desirable qualities and yield or production.
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
The agriculture practice of breeding and raising livestock, e.g. buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, camel etc.
BREEDING
Beekeeping production of honey. DAIRY FARM management is the management of animals for milk and its product for human consumption.
FISHERIES
An industry devoted to rearing, catching, processing or selling fish, shellfish or other aquatic animals.
GREEN REVOLUTION
The dramatic increase in food production in the 1960s due to the cultivation of high-yielding disease-resistant wheat rice and maize varieties developed through breeding techniques is called the green revolution.
MUTUAL BREEDING
Obtaining crop plants with desirable characteristics by artificial or induced mutations and using them as material in breeding programs is called mutation breeding.
PLANT BREEDING
The purposeful manipulation of plant species (crop) to create desirable plants best suited for cultivation, gives better yields and is disease resistant.
SCP OR SINGLE CELL PROTIENS
Industrially of commercially produced edible proteins by culturing suitable microorganisms or large scale for nutrition for animals and human beings.
SOMACLONES
Genetically identical organisms or plants derived from single organisms through micropropagation are called
somatic hybrid, e.g. tomato protoplasm and potato protoplasm.
TISSUE CULTURE GROWING
Whole plants from a part of the plant, such as leaf root pollen, etc., are called tissue culture by growing these on an artificial nutrient medium under aseptic conditions.
TOTIPOTENCY
The quality of an organism’s isolated cells or tissue by which it can generate the whole organism is called totipotency.
Animal Breeding-objectives:
1. Improved growth rate.
2. Increased production
3. Improve desirable qualities.
4. Improved resistance to diseases
5. Improved resistance to adverse environmental conditions