Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

Summary:

Psychology is the study of behaviour and encompasses both overt and covert behaviours. Overt behaviours are observable and include actions like blinking or withdrawing one’s hand from a hot surface. Covert behaviours, on the other hand, are not easily observable and can include internal experiences like muscle twitches or a pounding heart. Scientific psychology is distinguished from popular notions about psychology by its reliance on empirical data and systematic explanations of psychological phenomena, whereas popular notions often rely on common-sense knowledge and beliefs.

The evolution of psychology can be traced back to ancient philosophy and has since developed through various approaches. These include introspection, functionalism, gestalt psychology, behaviourism, psychoanalysis, humanistic perspective, cognitive perspective, and constructivism, each offering unique perspectives on studying human behaviour and experiences.

Collaboration between psychologists and other disciplines can be fruitful for addressing various problems. For example, psychologists collaborating with lawyers or crime analysts can help understand the psychology of witnesses or criminals, while psychologists working with architects can consider human tendencies and needs when designing spaces.

Differentiating between psychologists and psychiatrists, as well as counsellors and clinical psychologists, is important. Psychologists primarily study psychological phenomena and conduct research, while psychiatrists focus on diagnosing and treating serious mental disorders. Counsellors primarily work with emotional and motivational problems, while clinical psychologists address behavioural problems related to mental disorders.

Understanding psychology can be applied to various areas of everyday life, such as personal relationships, decision-making, social issues, violence prevention, and lifestyle choices. It enables individuals to better understand themselves and others, make informed choices, and navigate daily challenges.

Knowledge of environmental psychology can promote environment-friendly behaviour by studying the interaction between physical factors and human behaviour. This understanding helps create awareness and encourages safe environmental practices, such as waste disposal and energy conservation.

Excerpt:

Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

Psychology
What is Psychology?

1. What is behaviour? Give examples of overt and covert behaviour.
Answer :
Behaviour is a response or a reaction of an individual or an activity in which the individual is engaged. It results from a stimulus in the environment or an internal change. Behaviours may be simple or complex and overt or covert.