Mammary Glands Anatomy

Summary:

This article provides an overview of the gross anatomy of the mammary glands, including their location, parts, and bed. The article also discusses the axillary process, suspensory ligaments, nipples, and areola. Additionally, it provides information on the vasculature of the breast, including the arterial supply and venous and lymphatic drainage. The clinical significance of lymphatic drainage is emphasized, as it can be a pathway for tumor spread. Lastly, the article mentions the nerve innervation of the breast, which is mostly sensory and sympathetic.

Excerpt:

Mammary Glands Anatomy (Breast):

Gross Anatomy:

• Specialized cutaneous glandular structure that is located in the superficial fascia of the
  anterior chest wall, lying over the fascia of the pectoralis muscle.
• Rudimentary in males due to lack of endocrine support (estrogen and progesterone).
  Becomes functional at puberty.
• Parts of the breast: nipple, areola, lobes, and lobules (parenchyma), Axillary process,
  suspensory ligament of Cooper (from stroma), lactiferous ducts, and sinuses.

Bed of Breast:

• Formed by 2/3rd of pectoralis fascia and 1/3rd of it formed by fascia of serratus anterior muscle.
• Extends horizontally from parasternal to mid-axillary line, and vertically from 2nd or 3rdrib to 6th rib.
• Retro mammary space: space between the pectoralis fascia (which forms the bed of the breast) and the breast.
• This space allows movement of the breast over the pectoralis fascia.

Mammary Glands Anatomy

Axillary Process:

• A Part of the mammary gland that may extend from the inferolateral edge of the pectoralis major towards the axillary fossa.
• Also known as the tail of Spence.
• May be enlarged during the menstrual cycle, and can be confused with a lump (tumor) or enlarged axillary lymph nodes (lymphoma).

Mammary Glands Anatomy

Suspensory Ligaments:

• Condensations of fibrous connective tissue attach the mammary glands to the dermis
  of the overlying skin.
• Well developed in the superior part of the breast.
• Provides shape and support to lobes and lobules of the breast.