IB History HL Paper on Africa and the Middle East

Summary:

This IB History HL Paper on Africa and the Middle East provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the International Baccalaureate (IB) History HL paper 3 topic “Africa and the Middle East.” It covers a range of subjects, including Mandatory Palestine, Arab-Israeli conflicts, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, and other related topics. The note offers insights into the historical context and background of the region, examining the factors that have shaped the politics, society, and culture of Africa and the Middle East. It provides a deep analysis of the key events and developments that have taken place in the region, including the establishment of Israel, the conflicts that have emerged as a result of this, and the role that various nations, such as Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, have played in shaping the region’s history. The note also provides a nuanced understanding of the region’s complex political and social dynamics, exploring the various conflicts and struggles that have defined the region’s history. It examines the role of different actors, such as colonial powers, nationalist movements, and religious groups, in shaping the region’s trajectory over time. Overall, the note offers a comprehensive and insightful overview of the IB History HL Paper 3 topic “Africa and the Middle East,” providing a nuanced understanding of the region’s history, culture, and politics.

Excerpt:

IB History HL Paper on Africa and the Middle East

IB HISTORY PAPER 3: Africa + The Middle East

EGYPT

• Hopwood:
  • Nasser became a symbol of struggle against Western domination → the most popular leader Arab leader of modern times
  • Arab unity was hard to achieve because Arab states were in different phases of political evolution
  • 1967 War: controversy about if Nasser actually intended to strike/expected Israel to react
  • Sadat placed faith “almost entirely” in the USA
• Thompson
  • Egypt was totally unprepared for the 1967 War → didn’t expect Israel to respond?
  • Infitah’s effects were “profound”
  • The economic situation contributed to rising of Islamism
  • Alienated population due to alignment with the USA

GAMAL ABDEL NASSER

• 1952 – 1970
• 1952: military coup/revolution against King Farouk carried out by Free Officers’ movement – colonels Neguib + Nasser