Human Biology Unit 1 ATAR Exam Revision (Grade A)

Summary:

Chapter 2 of the scientific report emphasizes the importance of a clear title, a well-defined aim, and an educated guess (hypothesis) that can be tested in an experiment. It also discusses the variables involved, including independent, dependent, and controlled variables, to ensure accurate results. Materials needed for the experiment and safety/ethical considerations are outlined. The method section should be presented step-by-step with scientific diagrams when appropriate, and results should be recorded in tables and graphs. The discussion interprets the findings and explains them scientifically, while the evaluation addresses potential problems and suggests improvements for future experiments. The conclusion restates the results’ implications. In Chapter 4, cells exchange materials through diffusion, osmosis, and carrier-mediated transport, where proteins in the cell membrane facilitate transportation. Vesicular transport involves endocytosis and exocytosis. Chapter 5 explores the four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous, describing their structures and functions. Finally, Chapter 6 delves into cell metabolism, focusing on cellular respiration for energy production. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces large amounts of ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing smaller ATP quantities and often leading to lactic acid formation during intense physical activity. The chapter also discusses enzymes’ role as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions.

Excerpt:

Human Biology Unit 1 ATAR Exam Revision

Chapter 2 – Scientific Report Writing
1. Title: The relationship between the independent and dependent variable
2. Aim: To investigate the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
3. Hypothesis: An educated guess, which is in the form of a single statement that can be tested and must include the dependent and independent variable
4. Variables: Any factor that can influence the outcome of the investigation
– Independent – the variable that will be deliberately changed
– Dependent – the variable that will be measured (this variable changes in response to the independent variable being changed)
– Controlled – variables that are not tested but could potentially influence the outcome of the investigation. They should be kept the same
5. Materials: The list of equipment that is needed
6. Safety and Ethical Considerations: a list of any safety and ethical measures that must be considered