Biology Notes for High School About Heredity, Genetic Change, Infectious Disease, and Non-Infectious Disease
Summary:
This Biology Notes for High School covers a range of topics related to heredity, genetic change, infectious diseases, and non-infectious diseases. It begins with a discussion of reproduction and DNA, including polypeptide synthesis and genetic variations. The Biology Notes for High School also covers mutations and genetic technology, providing an overview of how genetic changes can occur and how they can be studied and manipulated. In addition, this Biology Notes for High School note explores the causes and effects of both infectious and non-infectious diseases, including how genetic factors can contribute to disease susceptibility. The note provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and issues related to genetics and disease.
Excerpt:
Biology Notes for High School
Reproduction
Asexual: 1 parent which makes a genetically identical offspring(s)
Example
– Mushroom (budding)
– Bacteria (Bianary Fision)
Sexual: 2 parents which make genetically different offspring(s)
Example
– Humans (internal fertilization)
– Seahorses (external fertilization)
Steps of Internal Fertilization:
– sperm reaches the egg
– enzyme releases to reach the oocyte
– Acrosome is released to make a hole in the egg
– Sperm gets released and DNA goes in the mix = fertilized
DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
- DNA in Prokaryotic Cells: DNA floats around the cytoplasm, which means no nucleus
- DNA in Eukaryotic Cells: Protect DNA in the chromosome (in the nucleus)
- Transcription: Process of DNA Genetic Code converted into mRNA. This happens in the nucleus.
Process:
- RNA Polymerase attached to DNA
- DNA unwinds: hydrogen bond breaks
- Non-Coding strands of DNA transcribed into complementary strands of mRNA molecules
- Splicing occurs the coding DNA is joined = mature
- mRNA is formed
- mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation
Translation:
The final steps in the synthesis of polypeptides occur in ribosomes.
Process:
- Ribosome move along mRNA pairing with TRNA
- TRNA molecules carry amino acids which are determined by the mRNA codons the anticodons will bind to = once they are paired amino acids are splitted
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