AS Level Biology 9700
Summary:
Chapter 1, “Cell Biology,” covers the following key concepts. A cell is defined as the fundamental unit of life, and the cell theory states that cells are the basic units of life that arise from pre-existing cells through division. Microscopes, such as light and electron microscopes, examine cells. Generalized cell structures include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, Golgi body, mitochondria, nucleus, centriole, and vacuoles in animal cells. In contrast, plant cells have additional structures like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles. A nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus and contains chromatin and nucleolus, playing a role in gene control and cell activities. The endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and the Golgi body collects, processes, and transports molecules. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, and mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration. The cell surface membrane controls exchange with the external environment.
Excerpt:
AS Level Biology 9700
CHAPTER: 1 “CELL BIOLOGY”
ACTIVE RECALL CONCEPTUAL NOTES
Q1. Define cell. | Ans. The fundamental unit of life. |
Q2. What does cell theory state? | Ans.
· Cell is the basic unit of life, · Cell is the fundamental unit of life, · Cell arises from pre-existing cells by cell division. |
Q3. How are we able to examine cells? | Ans. Via microscopes. |
Q4. What are two fundamental types of microscopes? | Ans.
· Light microscope · Electron microscope |
Q5. What type of radiation do both microscopes use? | Ans.
· Light microscope-light radiation · Electron microscope-electron beam |
Q6.What does generalize cell show? | Ans. All the structures that are typically found in a cell. |
Q7. State the animal cell structures typically seen in generalized cells. | Ans. Cell membrane, cytoplasm, Golgi body, mitochondria, nucleus (nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus), centriole, temporary vacuoles. |
Q8. State the plant cell structures typically seen in generalized cells. | Ans. Cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cytoplasm, vacuole, tonoplast, middle lamella, plasmodesmata, nucleus (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin). |
Q9. What are the structures that are only found in animal cells? | Ans. Centrioles, small temporary vacuoles. |
Q10. What are the structures that are only found in plant cells? | Ans. Cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole. |
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