This document provides a detailed overview of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) and its applications in thermodynamics.

HVAC is explained as three different processes. Heating and ventilation involve air exchange to maintain good indoor air quality, and air conditioning, which controls temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution in a conditioned space.

The document describes various properties of air, including dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, saturated air, unsaturated air, and dry air. Mathematical formulas are given to calculate pressure, humidity ratio (specific humidity), relative humidity, enthalpy, and degree of saturation.

Concepts like adiabatic saturation, wet bulb temperature, mass and energy basis, and psychrometry are explained. Psychrometry is the study of the properties of air and water vapour mixtures. The ducting concept involving adiabatic air mixing is introduced with related formulas.

The text explains practical HVAC applications, such as in cooling towers, which are devices used to cool condenser water in power and refrigerating plants. Formulas for cooling tower efficiency and heat balance are provided.

There’s also a discussion on dryers, which remove small amounts of liquid from solid materials. Important terms like hygroscopic materials, bone dry weight, regain, and moisture content are explained. Dryer formulas are presented for moisture removal rate, dryer efficiency, wet feed bone dry weight, and supplied heat.

The document details air conditioning, introducing its primary function for comfortable cooling in buildings. It provides formulas to calculate sensible heat load, latent heat load, total load, and sensible heat factor. Further, it discusses the concept of balancing in air conditioning, with formulas for mass balancing, ventilation load, energy balancing, air conditioner capacity, and the capacity of an air conditioner if recirculated air and outside air separately enter the AC.

Excerpt:

A Comprehensive Guide to HVAC

What is HVAC

• HVAC is Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.
• Ventilation is exchanging air in any space to provide high indoor air quality via nature or mechanical meanings to or from any space.
• Air Conditioning controls temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet conditioned space.